Moreover, the territory of a state is unbreakable and may not be the object of military occupation or other measure of force. 9th - 12th grade . According to Halford Mackinders Heartland Theory, a government that controls this region is likely to eventually dominate much of the world. Main Phone +1 617-627-3700, Disclaimer | Download image (jpg, 146 KB). PDF United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. . Non-living resources from the Area, which the LOSC refers to as minerals, are handled differently from fish, since mineral extraction projects are capital intensive to build and administer. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. It resulted in the "Scramble for Africa," and the subjugation of African nations. This new territory would allow China to control more water to extract natural resources, control more extensive trade routes, and extend areas where they could grow fishing practices to their benefit. However, despite this clarified law, numerous conflicts have arisen. The LOSC provides no clear guidance on this emerging issue. GENERAL PROVISIONS 23 Article 2. Freedom of the seas is the doctrine in which coastal countries handle the topic of international waters; each of these countries has complete dominion of the waters up to 3 miles off their coast. Coastal states also have sovereign rights to what's known as an exclusive economic zone, a 200-nautical-mile area extending from their coastline that allows these states special rights and privileges over other nations to natural resources, research, and environmental protection. Accessed 1 May. Power and Influence of Interest Groups in the European Union, Evolution of the Contemporary Political Map, The Role of Non-State Entities & International Organizations in World Conflicts. We learned that the first set of regulations regarding the sea was known as the The Freedom of the Seas doctrine based on a book by Hugo Grotius. Territorial seas - definition of Territorial seas by The Free Dictionary Its area extends to 200 nautical miles from its coastline to the external maritime territories. In human societies, territoriality is often tied to ideas of ownership, sovereignty, and jurisdiction, and it is often used as a means of establishing and maintaining power and control. Boundaries can be physical, such as a fence or wall, or they can be conceptual, such as a line on a map or a legal demarcation. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Within the contiguous zone, a State has the right to both prevent and punish infringement of fiscal, immigration, sanitary, and customs laws within its territory and territorial sea. These rights extend not only on the surface but also to the seabed and subsoil, as well as vertically to airspace. Unlike other zones whose existence derived from earlier international law, the EEZ was a creation of the LOSC. Although it is easy to determine how baselines can be drawn from large areas of continental coastline, such as in Florida or California, there are other maritime features that can affect how zones are drawn. States have the same sovereign jurisdiction over internal waters as they do over other territory. Freedom of the seas definition is the doctrine in which coastal countries used to handle the topic of international waters. As the only federal program dedicated to exploring our deep ocean, the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research plays a key role in this work. An exclave is a region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country. This meant that other nations' fleets could come near another nation's coasts, take resources such as fish, and dump their waste into that same area. Unlike the territorial sea and the contiguous zone, the EEZ only allows for the previously mentioned resource rights and the law enforcement capacity to protect those rights. Examples from the United States, include the Louisiana Purchase from France and the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico.Annexation implies the taking of land, frequently associated with at least some degree of coercion. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nauticalmile_knot.html. Guam is an example of an occupied territory. Boundaries can be established for a variety of reasons, such as to protect property or resources, to mark the limits of a political entity, or to distinguish one area from another. 12 nautical mile (13.8 mile) of territorial water. The theory has been heavily criticized for its naturalistic and deterministic approach, which fails to account for the complex and fluid nature of international relations. A dispute is a disagreement or difference of opinion between two or more parties. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. It is easy to see why, depending on the type of feature. AP Human Geo - 4.5 The Function of Political Boundaries | Fiveable
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