Any sea between the coast and the straight baseline is considered internal waters rather than territorial waters. Territorial waters definition, the waters of a littoral state that are regarded as under the jurisdiction of the state: traditionally those waters within three miles (4.8 km) of the shore, but in the 20th century claims by coastal nations have extended to 12 or even 200 miles (19.3 or 321.8 km). 1. With such exceptions as are contained in subsectionA and in articles30 and31, nothing in this Convention affects the immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes. Contiguous zone: Beyond the 12-nautical-mile (22km) limit, there is a further 12 nautical miles (22km) from the territorial sea baseline limit, the contiguous zone. Markedly, the Security Council did not expressly authorize the seizure and destruction of unflagged vessels on the high seas. [26] There is a particular concern for marine biodiversity and the impact of overfishing on global fish stocks and ecosystem stability. And Turkey's claim is that islands/islets can't have EEZ aa if they are mainlands. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own. [23] The advisory opinion was issued in response to a formal request made by the International Seabed Authority following two prior applications the authority's Legal and Technical Commission had received from the Republic of Nauru and the Kingdom of Tonga regarding proposed activities (a plan of work to explore for polymetallic nodules) to be undertaken in the area by two state-sponsored contractors Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. (sponsored by the Republic of Nauru) and Tonga Offshore Mining Ltd. (sponsored by the Kingdom of Tonga). [17] Foreign vessels have right of innocent passage through archipelagic waters, but archipelagic states may limit innocent passage to designated sea lanes. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. In the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State. There are exceptions; therefore, the Three Nautical Mile Line does not necessarily depict the seaward boundaries of all U.S. states in all circumstances under the Submerged Lands Act. Presidential Proclamation 7219 of August 2, 1999, Contiguous Zone of the United States. The 1994 Agreement also established a Finance Committee that would originate the financial decisions of the Authority, to which the largest donors would automatically be members and in which decisions would be made by consensus. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) - the UNCLOS (Part V) defines the EEZ as a zone beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea in which a coastal state has: sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents, and winds; jurisdiction with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; the protection and preservation of the marine environment; the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone shall not exceed 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. 0000005113 00000 n 6. These charges shall be levied without discrimination. Teresita Daza has emphasized that the Philippines has the legal right to carry out routine patrols "in our territorial waters and EEZ." . International Law 12 (Inland waters of coastal states or nations) (2021), 44B Am. Maritime claims - The World Factbook The breadth of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and EEZ (and in some cases the continental shelf) is measured from thebaselinedetermined in accordance with customary international law as reflected in the1982 Law of the Sea Convention offsite link. [12][13], The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 has a target regarding conservative and sustainable use of oceans and their resources in line with UNCLOS legal framework.[14]. The baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea determined in accordance with articles7,9 and10, or the limits derived therefrom, and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with articles12 and15 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position. This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State. 1999);Koru North America v. U.S offsite link., 701 F. Supp. The major points addressed at the review meeting were (i) the position of SECTION 2.
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