The best way to achieve this with log4net is to use context properties.

Since I’m already using Unity and Interception on my WCF Services, I’ve decided to implement a custom Call Hander

namespace CustomCallHandlers
{
 using System;
 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension;

 /// <summary>
 /// Call Handler to setup wcf message id in log4net context
 /// </summary>
 public class ServiceCallHandler : ICallHandler
 {
 /// <summary>
 /// The message identifier
 /// </summary>
 private const string MessageIdKey = "MessageId";

 /// <summary>
 /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ServiceCallHandler"/> class.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="order">The call handler's execution order.</param>
 public ServiceCallHandler(int order)
 {
  this.Order = order;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Gets or sets the order.
 /// </summary>
 public int Order { get; set; }

 /// <summary>
 /// Invokes the specified input.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="input">The input.</param>
 /// <param name="getNext">The get next.</param>
 /// <returns>The method return for the nexte invocation</returns>
 public IMethodReturn Invoke(IMethodInvocation input, GetNextHandlerDelegate getNext)
 {
  if ((System.ServiceModel.OperationContext.Current != null) &&
      (System.ServiceModel.OperationContext.Current.IncomingMessageHeaders != null))
  {
   if (System.ServiceModel.OperationContext.Current.IncomingMessageHeaders.MessageId != null)
   {
    string messageId = System.ServiceModel.OperationContext.Current.IncomingMessageHeaders.MessageId.ToString();
    log4net.ThreadContext.Properties[MessageIdKey] = messageId == "(null)" ? Guid.NewGuid().ToString() : messageId;
   }
  }

  IMethodReturn resultado = getNext()(input, getNext);

  // Cleaning
  log4net.ThreadContext.Properties[MessageIdKey] = null;

  return resultado;
  }
 }
}

If you want to see how to configure log4net appenders to write custom properties check this post.

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