Three HPV-positive tumors and one HPV-negative tumor had partial pathologic responses. doi: 10.1126/science.aax0182, 35. HE has received research funding from Cancer Research UK and the NIHR HTA, and is funded by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. J Clin Oncol. Lancet. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3638, 42. Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer an Update - PubMed New treatment destroys head and neck cancer tumours in trial Combinations of chlorambucil with an anti-CD2O monoclonal antibody, such as rituximab, ofatumumab or obinutuzumab, are now the standard of care in patients unsuited to receive fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab [34,35,36]. Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Axis Blockade in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stratified by Human Papillomavirus Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CrossRef As trials mature, patient selection for neoadjuvant immunotherapy will need to be defined further. BMC Med. Hillmen P, Robak T, Janssens A, Babu KG, Kloczko J, Grosicki S, Doubek M, Panagiotidis P, Kimby E, Schuh A, Pettitt AR, Boyd T, Montillo M, Gupta IV, Wright O, Dixon I, Carey JL, Chang CN, Lisby S, McKeown A, Offner F, COMPLEMENT 1 Study Investigators. Based on KEYNOTE-048, the FDA approved use of pembrolizumab monotherapy in the first-line for R/M HNSCC with CPS 1 and pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy for those with CPS<1 R/M HNSCC (31). Another meta-analysis showed that HPV positive HNSCC patients display significant improved outcomes with PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockage treatment compared to HPV negative HNSCC patients (46). doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.06.146, 27. HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: A Virus-Related Cancer Epidemic. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.89829, 18. Cooper JS. 2014;370(12):110110. Landmark Trials in Selected Head and Neck Cancers. Combenefit: an interactive platform for the analysis and visualization of drug combinations. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33471, 22. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and immune cells remains the most widely used biomarker in HNSCC and other cancers (40, 41). doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802656, 33. is included that studied the role of chemotherapy in patients undergoing definitive locoregional treatment. 2012;379:187986. Epidemiology. PD-1 and CTLA-4 Combination Blockade Expands Infiltrating T Cells and Reduces Regulatory T and Myeloid Cells Within B16 Melanoma Tumors. Cancer Discov (2016) 6(12):138299. There are several distinct mechanisms of how radiation and/or chemotherapy can work with immunotherapy and other have covered these topics. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Consensus Statement on Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (HNSCC). Spotlight on landmark oncology trials: the latest evidence and novel trial designs, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0884-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. These results underscore that TPF IC is not recommended for survival benefit. PubMed Central These results clearly demonstrate the superiority of dual HER2-directed therapy. Three trials are discussed that studied various forms of treatment de-intensification in patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma, including a phase 2 study by ECOG, RTOG 1016, and the De-ESCALaTE trial. Wang J, Sun H, Zeng Q, Guo XJ, Wang H, Liu HH, et al. Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Another topic featured in this article collection is systemic therapy in STS [5], which is a heterogeneous group of rare solid tumours. The primary endpoint of this trial was comparison between arms of a change in the CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomized controlled trial. Wolf GT, Fisher SG, Hong WK, Hillman R, Spaulding M, Laramore GE, et al. Pathological Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers: Proposal for the Use of Major Pathological Response as a Surrogate Endpoint. PD-L2 Expression in Human Tumors: Relevance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Cancer. This trial highlighted the effectiveness of combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy for subsets of HNSCC patients. Despite optimal local treatment, approximately 50% of adult patients with localised STS develop distant metastases and die of metastatic disease. A phase II trial was reported by Xiong etal. Saad ED, Paoletti X, Burzykowski T, Buyse M. Precision medicine needs randomized clinical trials.