a greater emphasis on sharing information. c. putting organizational needs above competing responsibilities. a. c. geographic boundaries (Hint: First determine which are the independent and dependent variables.). fit with the concept of ingroup as well as the others? secondary and primary groups are always mutually exclusive the degree of social cohesion felt by participants is very important regarding how individuals respond to group pressure This model is called a(n) __________. a. c. aggregate Whereas Weber sought to describe characteristics of bureaucracy and, arguably, how to make it most efficient, these others sought to understand people within those organizations. All of these measures directly relate to the discussions on merit, neutrality, and rules discussed above. a. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (, Legitimacy of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Six Threats and the Need for a Calibrated Institutional Response, Leadership Behavior Repertoire: An Exploratory Study of the Concept and Its Potential for Understanding Leadership in Public Organizations, Administrative Burden: Untangling a Bowl of Conceptual Spaghetti, Enhancing the Effectiveness of Public Sector Performance Regimes: A Proposed Causal Model for Aligning Governance Design with Performance Logics, The Behavioral Foundations of Representative Bureaucracy, About Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, About the Public Management Research Association, How to Make Bureaucracies More Human-Rights Friendly, https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/human_rights_indicators_en.pdf, https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/business/pages/srsgtranscorpindex.aspx, https://unsdg.un.org/2030-agenda/universal-values/human-rights-based-approach, https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model, Symposium Issue on Reappraising Bureaucracy in the 21st Century, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Public Management Research Association. c. accommodation Together, these streams of research show that the bureaucratic principles related to rules are inconsistent with various elements of the HRBA, specifically, and equity broadly. ______ leadership provides emotional support for members. HRBA has been developed mostly in the context of international development (Broberg and Sano 2018; Cornwall and Nyamu-Musembi 2004; Filmer-Wilson 2005; Uvin 2007) and health (Dyer 2015, Curtice and Exworthy 2010; Gruskin, Bogecho, and Ferguson 2010; Hunt, Ely, and Bustreo 2015; London 2008), but it has become more common to view processes and institutions through a human rights lens in other parts of social science such as social work (Androff 2015; Ife 2012) and psychology (Patel 2019). For economic, social, and cultural rights, state interference is sought: the government is asked to protect individuals against human rights violations. What is the economic structure of society? A meta-analysis of the impact of red tape on people and organizations. c. category Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. The source used here is the Gerth and Mills 1946 translation of Webers Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, originally published in German in 1922. Credit for this phrasing belongs to one of our anonymous reviewers.